上世纪40年代，这两个国家在经历了200多年的外国干涉后，从零开始——识字率不足10%，频繁发生饥荒，人民极度贫穷。而另一方面，欧洲有200年的领先地位。尽管世界大战破坏了许多基础设施，但在美国的帮助下，很快就恢复了以前的发展状态。

So, I will answer the question, why is China ahead of India in development. For the first 30 years of "independence" both countries had a very similar growth pattern. By late 1970s, both countries were at the same stage of growth. However, since then they accelerated dramatically with the economic reforms by their premier Deng.

因此，我将回答这个问题，为什么中国的发展领先于印度。在“独立”之后的前30年，两国的增长模式非常相似。到上世纪70年代末，两国的经济处于同一增长阶段。然而，自那之后，他们的总理邓小平的经济改革大大加快了中国的发展速度。

India on the other hand, had no such acceleration. Although, we opened up a bit in 1991, the reforms are relatively feeble. Our populace still don't give economic reforms the top priority. We are still debating whether to bring Walmart in or not, while China has successfully brought foreign players 3 decades ago. And 2 of the top 3 contenders to our Prime Minister post are clueless about the economy. India's economy will grow, when Indian voters care about the economy.

另一方面，印度却没有出现这样的加速度。虽然我们在1991年搞了点改革开放，但改革相当薄弱【译注：1991年，在时任财正部长的曼莫汗·辛格主导下，印度开始了新经济正策】。我们的民众仍然不把经济改革放在首位。当中国已经在三十年前成功地引入外资后，我们却仍在争论是否要引进沃尔玛。在总理职务的前三位候选人中，有两位对经济一无所知。当印度选民开始关心经济时，印度的经济就将会增长。----------------------------------------------

【答案四】Glenn Luk,（现居纽约，曾就职于一家印度公司董事会）
1、China began its economic reforms 12 years before India and thus had somewhat of a head start.  Nevertheless, even if you normalize for that, China has still grown faster than India.

第一、中国开始经济改革要比印度早十二年，因此有一些领先优势。虽然如此，即便印度实现了正常化，中国的发展还是要快于印度。

2、By instituting the one-child policy, China benefited earlier from a "demographic dividend" - effects of which should start to level off and then reverse in the next five to ten years.  India's demographic dividend is still to come.

第二、通过实行独生子女正策，中国更早从“人口红利”中受益——这种“人口红利”效应开始趋于平稳，未来的五到十年内将发生逆转。而印度的人口红利还未到来。

3、From the start, China focused policy on attracting investment that would leverage its main advantage - a vast and inexpensive labor pool.  Government policy was very focused on upgrading (i) human development index (HDI) factors such as education, literacy and health, and (ii) infrastructure - both of these were crucial in attracting foreign investors to tap into this labor pool.By contrast, India has not done as good a job at improving its mass labor pool, and you can see that in its low HDI rankings.  Similarly, its infrastructure notoriously lags behind, and that is another key component in basic economic development.  China has simply done a better job improving HDI and infrastructure.

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